Automation

It describes technology that does a job with minimal human help, replacing manual processes with automated systems. This machine can take over jobs and reduce human work using machines, software, and other tools. As a result, automation allows smoother and quicker processes, boosts efficiency, and cuts down on human error.

It works by having various tools and setups to execute tasks without continuous manual input. For example, a company programmed robots to perform actions, such as welding or tightening bolts. They do this without the need for human involvement. Using this piece of tech not only speeds up the production process but also ensures precision and the same final result.

What are the 4 types of automation?

There are four types of process: fixed, programmable, flexible, and integrated automation. Although all of them are designed to save work, fast, and consistently, not all of them can handle the same task. They are designed to meet the specific needs of industries, processes, and goals. For example, fixed machine systems are not for smaller batches and different kinds of items. Thus, it is more suitable for repetitive jobs.

The type, number of people required, setup cost, and necessary technology and systems can vary. The improvement in this technology supports businesses and individuals in saving time, adjusting to changes, and cutting costs, depending on their goals. For more information, here is a deeper insight into those four categories:

1. Fixed (Hard)

This type of automation carries out a fixed range of tasks with lower flexibility. It is built to operate with high efficiency and speed. Once it operates, it will continue without having to change the system. As a result, it is ideal for high-volume production where the item's design remains constant, like in car manufacturing or bottling plants.

However, the lack of flexibility makes it hard for this tool to change or adapt to product design. The price can be expensive, requiring capital investment for setup and the tools needed. The process of assembling fixed automation can be long and requires re-engineering for changes.

2. Programmable

This one is different from the fixed one. This type allows programmers to reprogramme machines to handle multiple operations. In this sense, it is appropriate for jobs that call for batch production, creating a moderate number of distinct items. The machine needs a programmed order of tasks. You can change it to adapt to multiple outputs. The most common forms of automation are CNC machines and industrial robots.

This tool is not only reprogrammable for various assignments or products, but it is also affordable, particularly for medium manufacturing volumes. It avoids the rigidity of the fixed machine system. However, the reprogramming can take time and make the operation take longer. Even more, this type of machine is not as fast as the fixed one. It is not suitable for small batches due to the higher cost per unit.

3. Flexible 

Flexible automation is one step above fixed and programmable. It can automatically adapt to different outputs or tasks without the need for manual reprogramming. What makes this possible are the advanced software and sensors. This is ideal for businesses that require product variety and quick changeovers. For example, consumer electronics or personalised goods manufacturing.

The problem with using this form of automation is that it has a higher cost. It is more expensive to develop and maintain than a programmable system. Also, the organisation requires skilled workers to manage and maintain the framework because of its complexity. Since it is slower for single-product and high-volume lines, this machine is less effective than the fixed one.

4. Integrated

So far, this is the most advanced type of smart technology in the field right now. It uses computers and digital systems to fully automate and synchronise all operations in a manufacturing or business process. The way it works is that it connects all parts of the setup, from design, planning, production, and quality control. Then, it turns into one smooth process. 

Using this type of automation will improve coordination and efficiency across departments. However, it is going to need a very high initial investment, including a strong IT infrastructure. The cost of technology, software, and integration can be large. This machine is vulnerable to cyber threats because it has access to the internet.